This response to continuing commentary addresses brain-hand relationsh
ips in Cebus apella (as introduced in Westergaard's commentary), the e
volutionary and acquisition parallels between music and language (sugg
ested by Lynch), and the potential behavioral linguistic consequences
of the evolutionary neurobiology in Australopithecus africanus and Hom
o habilis (discussed by Tobias). Finally, we reiterate the importance
of well-informed, multidisciplinary approaches to the study of the eme
rgence of human species-specific cognition, especially linguistic capa
city.