M. Svalgaard et al., DIRECT CHARACTERIZATION OF ULTRAVIOLET-LIGHT-INDUCED REFRACTIVE-INDEXSTRUCTURES BY SCANNING NEAR-FIELD OPTICAL MICROSCOPY, IEEE photonics technology letters, 10(6), 1998, pp. 848-850
We have applied a reflection scanning near-field optical microscope to
directly probe ultraviolet (UV)-light-induced refractive index struct
ures in planar glass samples. This technique permits direct comparison
between topography and refractive index changes (10(-5)-10(-3)) with
submicrometer lateral resolution, The proposed method yields detailed
information about the topography and index profiles of UV-written wave
guides.