The early diagnosis of gastrointestinal malignancy will allow eradicat
ion of the disease prior to invasive cancer. At present, fluorescence
spectroscopy offers the most realistic prospect of an early clinical s
ystem and is currently under evaluation. Optical coherence tomography
can differentiate the layers of the oesophageal wall and has greater r
eolution than ultrasound. Although complicated, Raman spectroscopy off
ers the greatest information with possible development of a molecular
endoscope.