The necessity to approach childhood as special permanently reproduced
state of society and at the same time as special whole inside of it is
substantiated. The childhood is complex in structure and content and
functionally obligatory phenomenon with its own laws, development and
self-development trends. Its principal feature is constant change-matu
ration-development. Real contacts of adult world and childhood are sho
wn. Subject - object interaction principle demanding new quality of ad
ult approach to childhood and differentiated treatment of its various
periods is underlined.