A great amount of scientific information, accumulated over recent year
s on the biology of Multiple Myeloma (MM), has fuelled speculation abo
ut the origin of malignant plasma cells, about a purported critical ro
le played by the bone marrow stroma, and further still, on cytokine in
teractions and in particular that of IL-6 and its relationship with th
e immune system. Among the growth factors secreted by stroma cells, IL
-6 is a potent stimulator of myeloma cells in vitro but does not induc
e a malignant phenotype in normal plasma cells. Many efforts have been
produced to identify the stem cell in MM and probably memory B lympho
cytes are the best candidates. The demonstration of a Graft vs Myeloma
effect in the allogeneic setting strongly supports the immunotherapy
in MM. Recent data also suggest that a virus (Kaposi-associated herpes
virus, HHV-8) may be significantly associated with the development of
MM. In parallel, progress has been achieved in the treatment of this
incurable disease with well defined prognostic factors, more efficient
supportive care and its corollary, improved quality of life and dose-
intensified chemo-radiotherapy followed by autologous hematopoietic st
em cell support. Improving the quality of grafts with the selection of
CD34 positive cells is another approach aimed at reducing plasma cell
contamination without impairing haematological recovery. An EBMT rand
omised study assessing the role of CD34 selection has been initiated b
y our group. Increasingly efficient first-line therapy, better quality
autografts and improved post-remission treatment with, for exemple, a
nti-idiopatic vaccination are the most promising future directions.