ON THE (DIS-)CONFIRMABILITY OF STEREOTYPIC ATTRIBUTES

Two experiments investigated the linguistic abstractness and confirmab ility of elements contained in ingroup and outgroup stereotypes. The f irst experiment shows that positive elements of the ingroup stereotype (Italians) and negative elements of the outgroup stereotype (Jews, Ge rmans) tended to be particularly abstract. Also, negative elements con tained in the outgroup stereotypes required relatively little evidence to be considered 'true' but much disconfirming evidence to be rejecte d as 'false'. No such bias emerged for ingroup stereotypes. The second -experiment compared the abstraction of four outgroup stereotypes (Jew s, Blacks, homosexuals, career women) finding the greatest abstraction for the oldest stereotype (Jews), and least abstraction for the most recent stereotype (career women) with the remaining two groups (Blacks , homosexuals) occupying an intermediate position. Results are interpr eted as suggesting that stereotypes may become more abstract over time as they lose the concrete elements that are easier to disconfirm whil e maintaining the abstract elements that are more resistant to change. (C) 1998 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.