SPECIFIC IMMUNITY INDUCTION AT THE MUCOSAL LEVEL BY VIABLE LACTOBACILLUS-CASEI - A PERSPECTIVE FOR ORAL VACCINE DEVELOPMENT

In previous papers, we demonstrated that viable Lactoacillus casei ssp . casei administered orally had a good adjuvant activity at the mucosa l level and protected against Salmonella typhimurium infection. We als o demonstrated that the mixture of L. casei plus LPS enhanced its prot ective capacity without side-effects. In this paper we study the frequ ency and duration of boosters with L. casei necessary to maintain a go od mucosa immune response that protects against infection, without alt eration in the immune cells associated with the lamina propia of small intestine. After priming with L. casei, different boosting protocols with single or double doses oft. casei were made. We determined on the lamina propia of the small intestine, IgA and IgM producing cells, CD 4(+) and CD8(+) T-cells and the number of macrophages and polymorphonu clear (PMN) cells. Protective assays against S. typhimurium infection and assays of specific anti-Salmonella IgA present in the intestinal f luid were also performed We demonstrate that boosters with only one do se on the 15th or 30th day post-priming were more effective in protect ing against S. typhimurium infection than a booster with two doses oft . casei, which was not effective. The secretory-IgA levels, IgA-secret ing cells, macrophages, CD4(+), CD8(+) and T-cells were increased with the effective boosters. We also demonstrate that the ratio of CD4(+)/ CD8(+) T-cell populations was not altered with the different boosting protocols. The conditions for the use of L. casei ssp. casei CRL 431 a s an oral adjuvant or as a vaccine vector were determined.