Iron deficiency anemia is among the greatest nutritional problems in t
he world. Although its etiology is understood and intervention at sow
cost is available, the problem persists. The present review begins wit
h a general estimate of the dimensions of the problem. It suggests the
necessary elements for the design, implementation, and measurement of
the impact of iron supplementing and fortification as the most effect
ive forms to intervene and diminish iron deficiency anemia. Several pr
eliminary steps are proposed previous to the preparation of a project
and several recomendations are made to be included in a project for fo
rtification and iron supplementing. A list of complementary activities
offered by PAHO/WHO as part of the package of technical cooperation i
s included.