A SIMPLE UPPER-BOUND METHOD FOR CALCULATING APPROXIMATE SHAKEDOWN LOADS

A simple approach for calculating upper-bound shakedown loads is descr ibed. The method is based on a series of iterative elastic finite elem ent analyses (the elastic compensation procedure) applied to Koiter's upper-bound shakedown theorem. The method is demonstrated for a typica l pressure vessel application; an axisymmetric nozzle in a spherical s hell. Several geometrical configurations are investigated. The calcula ted upper-bound shakedown lends are compared with lower-bound results obtained by the authors, simple shakedown criteria, and various result s given in the literature.