Ao. Sousa et al., HUMAN-IMMUNODEFICIENCY-VIRUS INFECTION ALTERS ANTIGEN-INDUCED CYTOKINE RESPONSES IN PATIENTS WITH ACTIVE MYCOBACTERIAL DISEASES, The Journal of infectious diseases, 177(6), 1998, pp. 1554-1562
Peripheral blood cells from 29 patients with active Mycobacterium aviu
m (MAC) or Mycobacterium tuberculosis diseases were tested for mycobac
terial antigen-induced interferon (IFN)-gamma and interleukin (IL)-4 p
roduction. Among MAC patients, human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infe
ction was associated with an 80% decrease in those who produced IFN-ga
mma, resulting in a predominantly type 2 cytokine profile. HIV infecti
on in patients with tuberculosis correlates with a 37% increase in tho
se producing IL-4 and a type 1 to type 0 profile shift. These qualitat
ive changes were independent of CD4(+) or CD8(+) cell numbers. The amo
unts of both IFN-gamma and IL-4 were decreased in the HIV-infected pop
ulation. Quantitative reduction of IFN-gamma was the result of fewer s
ecreting cells rather than a down-regulation at the single-cell level.
Disseminated disease was restricted to 2 of 5 HIV-infected MAC patien
ts with a type 2 cytokine profile and 4 of 5 HIV-infected tuberculosis
patients with a type 0 profile, These results demonstrated a shift in
mycobacterial antigen-specific cytokine profiles from type I to type
0 and to type 2, in parallel with AIDS progression.