A description of four-wave mixing spectroscopy in terms of laser-induc
ed gratings is developed, and recent applications of degenerate four-w
ave mixing spectroscopy to combustion diagnostics are described. Two-c
olour variants of the technique are also discussed particularly with r
espect to the development of background-free stimulated emission pumpi
ng experiments and novel methods for measuring translational anisotrop
ies of photofragments. Recent theoretical progress in the understandin
g of four-wave mixing line profiles is also described.