This paper gives a short historical overview of the evolution of bilia
ry surgery from John Stough Bobbs (1867) until the present day. The de
velopment of different diagnostic methods (from cholangiography to son
ography) are described also, as well as the different therapeutic meth
ods including laparoscopic cholecystectomy. Hans Kehr (1862-1916) was
a distinguished pioneer in the development of biliary surgery.