Controlling provider use is a continuing problem for health care insur
ers. This paper describes a Blue Cross and Blue Shield of Michigan sys
tem that places primary responsibility for inpatient admissions on par
ticipating hospitals and uses a dual monitoring approach. Expensive an
nual samples that review medical records against published criteria co
nstitute the basic test of compliance. An inexpensive indicator is dev
eloped;quarterly using automated universal claims review. Statistical
methodology, costs, and savings for both monitors are described. The c
laims monitor uses diagnosis related group (DRG) characteristics to es
timate the percentage of inappropriate utilization from historical val
ues for the patient group.