Fr. Lang, LONELINESS, TENDERNESS AND SUBJECTIVE FUT URE, ORIENTATION IN LATE-LIFE - AN EXAMINATION OF SOCIOEMOTIONAL SELECTIVITY THEORY, Zeitschrift fur klinische Psychologie, 27(2), 1998, pp. 98-104
Within the Berlin Aging Study (BASE), associations between loneliness,
health, social network size, social satisfaction, tenderness, and sub
jective future orientation were examined in a sample of 516 participan
ts aged 70 to 103 years. In general, pessimistic or limited future ori
entations were shown to be associated with feelings of loneliness. How
ever, this association disappeared when older people had a large perce
ntage of very close emotional relationships in their social network. F
indings suggest that older people who experienced their future as limi
ted or negative? had a higher risk of experiencing loneliness. This ri
sk seemed to be reduced when older people reported more emotional mean
ingful social experiences than other social contacts.