The strongly male-biased sex ratios of probands with polydactyly and o
f their unaffected sibs suggests that abnormal maternal hormone levels
may be involved in this malformation. This suspicion is supported by
data relating polydactyly to maternal age and race. High maternal test
osterone seems capable of explaining the (admittedly limited) epidemio
logical data on polydactyly. If this were so, one may predict that off
spring risk would be higher in respect of affected mothers than affect
ed fathers. (C) 1998 Academic Press.