Ll. Zhou et al., EXPRESSION OF DEGRADATIVE ENZYMES AND PROTEASE INHIBITORS IN CORNEAS WITH KERATOCONUS, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science, 39(7), 1998, pp. 1117-1124
PURPOSE. Keratoconus is characterized by thinning and scarring of the
central region of the cornea. Previous research showed that, in cornea
s obtained from patients with keratoconus, lysosomal enzyme activities
are elevated, whereas levels of protease inhibitors such as alpha 1-p
roteinase inhibitor are reduced. This study was undertaken to examine
further the expression of a spectrum of proteolytic enzymes and protea
se inhibitors. METHODS. Corneal buttons were collected from patients w
ith keratoconus, healthy subjects, and patients with other corneal dis
eases. Immunohistochemical staining was performed on paraffin sections
. Enzymatic assays and western blot analysis were carried out for cath
epsins B and G. in addition, an in situ zymography procedure was used
to examine the gelatin and casein-digesting activities in corneas with
keratoconus. RESULTS. An enhanced staining was found with antibodies
to cathepsins B and G. Enzymatic assays and western blotting confirmed
that the levels of these two enzymes were elevated in corneas with ke
ratoconus. No alteration was noted with any of the matrix metalloprote
inase (MMP) family members and other enzymes and inhibitors examined,
although in situ zymography did indicate an increase in net gelatin- a
nd casein-digesting activities in corneas with keratoconus. These acti
vities were mostly abolished by inhibitors for serine and cysteine pro
teinases, but not by those for MMPs and aspartic proteinases. CONCLUSI
ONS. Levels of cathepsins B and G are increased in corneas with kerato
conus. These enzymes may contribute to the heightened in situ gelatin-
and casein-digesting activities, leading to abnormalities in keratoco
nus.