PROBING THE LOCUS OF CONFIDENCE JUDGMENTS - EXPERIMENTS ON THE TIME TO DETERMINE CONFIDENCE

Three experiments investigated the properties of the time to determine confidence to determine the processing locus for the judgment of conf idence. Results suggest that when the primary decision is made under s peed stress, confidence is determined postdecisionally and involves a memory-based, computational algorithm. This strategy frees the primary decision of processing time and permits the accurate diagnosis of dec ision errors. When the primary decision is made under accuracy stress, however, the determination of confidence is initiated, or can even be completed, during the primary decision process. This strategy permits confidence to be used in the adaptive regulation of the decisional pa rameters during the decision process but yields poorer diagnosticity o f errors when they occur. The latter finding also implies that primary decision latencies include time to determine confidence, rendering su ch data difficult, if not impossible, to model empirically. Implicatio ns for contemporary decision models that provide a basis for confidenc e in human judgment are discussed.