Using data from the British Household Panel Survey and the National Su
rvey of Families and Households in the United States, we present a soc
iodemographic profile of fathers and compare the determinants of absen
t fatherhood in each country. Although fatherhood has a younger profil
e in the United States, especially for blacks, predictors of fathers'
residency with their children are remarkably similar in the two countr
ies. In both countries, the strongest predictor of a father's absence
is the parents' relationship to each other at the time of the child's
birth. Policy implications of this finding are discussed.