NONSMOKERS ATTRIBUTIONS FOR THE OUTCOMES OF SMOKERS - SOME POTENTIAL CONSEQUENCES OF THE STIGMATIZATION OF SMOKERS

The current research examines intergroup attributional biases made by nonsmokers for the outcomes of smokers. Nonsmokers were asked to make attributions for either the success or failure of either an in-group m ember (a nonsmoker) or an out-group member (a smoker). Overall, subjec ts attributed the preponderance of cause for the outcomes to external or unstable (approximately 80%) rather than internal (approximately 20 %) factors. However, results confirmed the expected in-group protectiv e and in-group enhancing attributions on the part of nonsmokers. Speci fically, nonsmokers attributed a significantly higher proportion of su ccess to external factors and a lower proportion of success to interna l factors when the target was a smoker compared to when the target was a nonsmoker. The implications of these results for smokers and smokin g policy are discussed.