Neutron Compton scattering (NCS) measurements have been used to determ
ine the kinetic energies of atoms in samples of amorphous hydrogenated
carbon (a-C:H), graphite and diamond at momentum transfers between 40
and 300 Angstrom(-1). We find that the kinetic energy of individual c
arbon atoms is the same within statistical error in a-C:H and graphite
but significantly higher in diamond. The kinetic energy of the hydrog
en in a-C:H is lower than expected from previous spectroscopic measure
ments and we infer that the sample contained molecular hydrogen. Obser
ved deviations from the impulse approximation are consistent with theo
retical calculations. We discuss future prospects for Ncs measurements
on non-crystalline materials.