Md. Aceto et al., NICOTINES OPIOID AND ANTI-OPIOID INTERACTIONS - PROPOSED ROLE IN SMOKING-BEHAVIOR, European journal of pharmacology. Environmental toxicology and pharmacology section, 248(4), 1993, pp. 333-335
Nicotine produced antinociception in mice which was antagonized noncom
petetively by naloxone. In addition, at significantly lower doses, nic
otine noncompetitively antagonized morphine-induced antinociception. A
speculative suggestion regarding the opiatergic and anti-opiatergic a
ctions of nicotine is that it significantly promotes and maintains smo
king behavior.