GROSS-ANATOMY OF THE ACCESSORY NERVE AND VAGUS NERVE OF THE HEAD AND CRANIAL NECK REGION IN THE BACTRIAN CAMEL

Seven heads and necks of Bactrian camels were dissected to investigate the origin, course, branches and distribution of the accessory nerve and vagus nerve in the cranial cervical region. The spinal root and ex ternal branch of the accessory nerve were not present, but there was a delicate communicating branch between the dorsal root of the first ce rvical nerve and the root of the vagus nerve. The sternocephalic muscl e was innervated by the second cervical nerve while the brachiocephali c and trapezius muscles were supplied by the sixth and seventh cervica l nerves. In the head and cranial cervical region of the Bactrian came l the vagus nerve gave off the auricular branch, pharyngeal branch, cr anial laryngeal nerve, a common trunk to the larynx, oesophagus and tr achea, and some communicating branches connecting with the glossophary ngeal, hypoglossal, first cervical nerves and the cranial cervical gan glion.