This paper measures the concepts of welfare and well-being in Russia o
n the basis of two large Russian household surveys, carried out in 199
3 and 1994. Welfare refers to satisfaction with income and well-being
refers to satisfaction with life as a whole. This paper investigates h
ow climate conditions in various parts of Russia affect the cost of li
ving and well-being. Climate equivalence scales have been constructed
for both welfare and well-being.