The authors report 12 cases of pleural fibroma, which is a rare benign tumo
r, usually discovered incidentally. However, these tumors are sometimes ass
ociated with a paraneoplastic syndrome, or may lead to compressive symptoms
related to their large size. Radical resection is mandatory because recurr
ence may occur, sometimes several years later with a malignant behavior. Lo
ng-term follow-up is therefore necessary to detect any recurrence, particul
arly when certain prognostic factors are initially present.