Autoaggression syndrome resembling acute graft-versus-host disease grade IV after autologous peripheral blood stem cell transplantation for breast cancer

Acute graft-versus-host disease (aGVHD) after autologous progenitor cell tr ansplantation has been associated with blood transfusion or cyclosporine. M ild aGVHD grades I-II, identified as autoaggression or engraftment syndrome , has recently been described in autologous progenitor transplantation. Her e, we report the first case of pathologically documented grade IV aGVHD aft er autologous peripheral blood progenitor cell transplantation in a patient with breast cancer, The allogeneic origin was excluded by molecular techni ques, and no cyclosporine or cytokines were administered.