Isolated renal Aspergillus abscess in an AIDS patient with a normal CD4+ cell count on highly active antiretroviral therapy

Isolated renal Aspergillus abscess is a very rare complication of HIV infec tion. It usually occurs in patients with severe immune deficiency. The case of a 29-year-old HIV-infected homosexual male, a non-intravenous drug abus er, who developed a right renal Aspergillus abscess despite normalization o f the CD4+ cell count after highly active antiretroviral treatment is descr ibed. When antimicrobial treatment failed (amphotericin B followed by itrac onazole), he was cured by right nephrectomy and remains in good health 3 mo nths later with no recurrence. In cases of Aspergillus renal abscess in HIV -infected patients, surgery is the treatment of choice, especially in the c urrent era of highly active antiretroviral therapy.