S. Joussaume et al., Monsoon changes for 6000 years ago: Results of 18 simulations from the Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP), GEOPHYS R L, 26(7), 1999, pp. 859-862
Amplification of the northern hemisphere seasonal cycle of insolation durin
g the mid-Holocene causes a northward shift of the main regions of monsoon
precipitation over Africa and India in all 18 simulations conducted for the
Paleoclimate Modeling Intercomparison Project (PMIP). Differences among si
mulations are related to differences in model formulation. Despite qualitat
ive agreement with paleoecological estimates of biome shifts, the magnitude
of the monsoon increases over northern Africa are underestimated by all th
e models.