Links between humans and ecosystems: the implications of framing for health promotion strategies

To explore potential links between ecosystems and human health, we set out three ways of seeing or frames: environmental hazards and burden of illness ; ecosystem conditions and human well-being; and environmental justice and human core values Each frame provides a basis for making connections but al so poses certain challenges: expanding research methods, linking with other conditions of human well-being and clarifying value bases. We discuss acti ons which build on the strengths of the different frames to deal with the c hallenges: linking with those seeking greater ecosystem protection focusing on clean production strategies emphasizing environmental degradation as on e aspect of social justice and building on concerns such as reproduction wh ich are closer to human core values Health promotion practitioners and poli cy makers can flexibly use the frames in arguing for the betterment of both ecosystems and humans.