Autoepitope mapping and reactivity of autoantibodies to the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein (E3BP) and the glycine cleavage proteins in primary biliary cirrhosis

Primary biliary cirrhosis (PBC) is an autoimmune liver disease characterize d by the presence of antimitochondrial antibodies (AMA) directed primarily against the FZ subunits of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex, the branched chain 2-oxo-acid dehydrogenase complex, the 2-oxoglutarate dehydrogenase c omplex, as well as the dihydrolipoamide dehydrogenase-binding protein (E3BP ) of pyruvate dehydrogenase complex. The autoantibody response to each E2 s ubunit is directed to the lipoic acid binding domain, However, hitherto, th e epitope recognized by autoantibodies to E3BP has not been mapped. In this study, we have taken advantage of the recently available full-length human E3BP complementary DNA (cDNA) to map this epitope. In addition, another li poic binding protein, the H-protein of the glycine cleavage complex, was al so studied as a potential autoantigen recognized by AMA. Firstly, the seque nce corresponding to the lipoic domain of E3BP (E3BP-LD) was amplified by p olymerase chain reaction and recombinant protein and then purified, Immunor eactivity of 45 PBC sera (and 52 control sera) against the purified recombi nant E3BP-LD was analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and immunoblotting. Secondly, reactivity of PBC sera was similarly analyzed by immunoblotting against H-protein. It is interesting that preabsorption of p atient sera with the lipoic acid binding domain of E3BP completely removed all reactivity with the entire protein by immunoblotting analysis, suggesti ng that autoantibodies to E3BP are directed solely to its lipoic acid bindi ng domain. Fifty-three percent of PBC sera reacted with E3BP-LD, with the m ajority of the response being of the immunoglobulin G (IgG) isotype (95%). Surprisingly, there was little IgM response to the E3BP-LD suggesting that the immune response was secondary because of determinant spreading. In cont rast, H-protein does not appear to possess (or expose) autoepitopes recogni zed by PBC sera. This observation is consistent with structural data on thi s moiety.