The clinical manipulation of angiogenesis: Pathology, side-effects, surprises, and opportunities with novel human therapies

The first phase of angiogenesis research has provided knowledge of the basi c pathobiology of angiogenesis and its manipulation in models, mouse, and m an. The first line of therapeutic substances has been devised and is now in clinical trials, New lessons are being learned from clinical observations, Unexpected side-effects are being noted, particularly affecting the nervou s system. Other side-effects may be anticipated from a sound knowledge of c linical pathology and recognition of the commonality of angiogenesis to mul tiple disease mechanisms, but these may be tolerable or avoidable, Angiogen esis researchers await further feedback and ideas from the clinic to stimul ate the next phase of basic and applied research, Copyright (C) 1999 John W iley & Sons, Ltd.