H. How et al., QUANTUM CIRCUIT-THEORY AND MEASUREMENTS ON Y-BA-CU-O GRAIN-BOUNDARY WEAK-LINK BRIDGES, Physical review. B, Condensed matter, 49(2), 1994, pp. 1403-1406
The quantum system associated with a resistor-shunted weak-link juncti
on circuit may be described in terms of a single Lagrangian. In this r
epresentation the degrees of freedom internal to the dissipative energ
y of the resistor can be systematically separated from the Hamiltonian
formulation of the circuit. This allows us to solve the quantum state
s of the junction while the effects of the resistor on the circuit are
included as a Lagrangian multiplier. In this manner the effects of th
e measuring apparatus or resistor on the quantum state of the junction
may be calculable. The calculations are in very good agreement with e
xperiments.