Apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins in renal failure: The relation tomode of dialysis

Background. The aim of this study was to establish whether there is a diffe rential effect of mode of dialysis, hemodialysis (HD), or continuous ambula tory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) on the dyslipidemia of renal failure. Methods. The lipoprotein profile was determined in 61 nondiabetic patients on chronic HD (N = 30) and CAPD treatment (N = 31), and in a control group of 27 healthy subjects. The analysis included the measurement of individual apolipoprotein (apo) A- and apo B-containing lipoproteins (LPs) separated by sequential immunoaffinity chromatography. Apo A-containing lipoproteins include lipoprotein A-I with apo A-I and lipoprotein A-I:A-II with apo A-I and apo A-II as the main protein constituents, whereas apo B-containing lip oproteins comprise simple cholesterol-rich lipoprotein B (LP-B), with apo B as the only protein moiety and complex triglyceride (TG)-rich lipoprotein B complex (LP-Bc) particles with apo B, apo A-TI, apo C, and/or apo E as th e protein constituents, Results. CAPD patients had significantly higher concentrations of total cho lesterol (6.8 vs. 5.1 mmol/liter), low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholestero l (4.6 vs. 3.2 mmol/liter), TG (2.3 vs. 1.5 mmol/liter). apo B (155.3 vs. 1 05.7 mg/dl), LP-B (136.0 vs. 91.9 mg/dl), and LP-Bc (19.3 vs. 13.8 mg/dl) t han HD patients. Both HD and CAPD patients had significantly higher TG, VLD L cholesterol, apo C-IIII and apo E and significantly lower high-density li poprotein cholesterol, apo A-III and lipoprotein A-I:A-II levels than contr ol subjects. The distribution of apo C-III in high-density lipoprotein and VLDL-LDL was altered in CAPD patients in comparison with control subjects. This suggests that the removal of TG-rich lipoproteins is less efficient in patients on CAPD. Normotriglyceridemic (NTG; Te less than or equal to 1.7 mmol/liter, 150 mg/dl) CAPD patients had significantly higher levels of TC, LDL cholesterol, apo B, and LP-B than NTG-HD patients. There was little di fference in the LP-Bc levels between NTG-CAPD, NTG-HD, and controls. Simila rly, hypertriglyceridemic (HTG) CAPD patients had significantly higher TC, LDL cholesterol, apo B, and LP-B levels than HTG-PID patients. The LP-Be le vels were significantly increased in HTG-HD and HTG-CAPD patients compared with controls, but the slightly higher levels in the CAPD patients did not differ significantly from the HD group. Conclusion. CAPD and HD patients have a lipoprotein profile characteristic of renal failure. Patients on long-term CAPD have higher levels of choleste rol-rich apo B-containing lipoproteins unrelated to TG levels. Many patient s on CAPD also have a substantial elevation of the plasma concentrations of TG-rich LPs. The clinical significance of increased levels of potentially atherogenic LP-B during CAPD remains to be investigated.