Anorexia and body weight loss are characteristic of many diseases, includin
g cancer and AIDS. Recent studies indicate that inflammatory cytokines, suc
h as interleukin 1, the interleukin 6 subfamily and tumor necrosis factor,
induce anorexia and cachexia by inhibiting the normal adaptive feeding resp
onse to energy deficits. Here, I discuss the evidence for and against a cen
tral role for neuropeptide Y and leptin in anorexia and cachexia.