Emission within a damped Lyman alpha absorption trough: the complex sightline towards Q2059-360

We present new spectroscopic observations of the quasar Q2059-360, confirmi ng the existence of an emission feature within the damped Lyman a (DLA) abs orption trough. By observing also at slit positions offset from the quasar, we show that the emission is spatially extended by at least a few arcsecon ds, and hence confirm that the feature seen must be the result of emission rather than unusual absorption characteristics. We find that the DLA trough is very close in redshift to the broad Lyman alpha emission line of the qu asi-stellar object (QSO), with the result that the DLA absorption removes m uch of the peak region of that line. Despite the similarity of the redshift s of the DLA system and the QSO, the lack of high-ionization lines of the D LA system and the unresolved widths of the corresponding metal lines indica te that the DLA cloud is not an associated system. The emission feature has a large velocity offset of +490 km s(-1) with resp ect to the DLA system, and is resolved in velocity, comprising two componen ts with 3 separation of similar to 300 km s(-1). We consider three possibil ities. (1) Both emission and absorption occur within an object similar to t he high-redshift Lyman-break galaxies. (2) The emission feature arises from an object distinct from both the DLA absorber and the QSO, perhaps a young star-forming galaxy or a protogalactic clump. It could be associated with the DLA absorber and perhaps the QSO in a compact group or cluster. (3) The redshifts are such that the emission feature could be caused by narrow-lin e region filaments of the QSO, if the DLA absorption covers a sufficiently small angular size to allow the filaments to be seen beyond the edge of the DLA cloud.