F. Diederich et al., PI-COMPLEXES INCORPORATING TETRAPHENYLTETRAETHYNYLETHENE, Journal of the Chemical Society, Chemical Communications, (2), 1994, pp. 205-208
Tetraphenyltetraethynylethene and the pi-acceptors 2,4,7-trinitrofluor
en-9-one and (2,4,7-trinitro-9-fluoroenylidene)malononitrile form high
ly ordered donor-acceptor pi-complexes having 1 : 2 stoichiometry in t
he solid state; in solution, relatively weak 1 : 1 complexes are forme
d whose stabilities are related to the spatial disposition of the dono
r phenyl rings.