A review of holographic methods using hard x-rays is presented, The main em
phasis is put on those techniques which aim to produce atomic resolution. F
or this reason 'the inside source concept' and its experimental realization
s are discussed in detail. Apart from the general description of holographi
c imaging with atomic resolution, specific features such as the effect of m
ultiple scattering, translation periodicity and angular dependence of the a
tomic scattering factor are also given.