Like many Asian states, Malaysia has used export processing zones (EPZ
s) as a strategy to promote economic development. It has been found th
at the role of the state in labour-management relations and the type o
f worker employed in EPZs are critical variables which affect the stat
e's capability to maximize the economic potential of EPZs. This articl
e analyses the impact that these variables have also had on the abilit
y of EPZ workers to organize freely and bargain collectively. As a res
ult it is proposed that the theoretical framework contextualizing this
analysis has to extend beyond class and include a perspective which a
ssesses how the private interests of workers as well as class affect E
PZ labour. The private interests referred to here are ethnicity, gende
r and nationalism.