C. Deniel et al., TEMPORAL EVOLUTION OF MANTLE SOURCES DURING CONTINENTAL RIFTING - THEVOLCANISM OF DJIBOUTI (AFAR), J GEO R-SOL, 99(B2), 1994, pp. 2853-2869
Magmatism occurred almost continuously over the past 25 m.y. in the Re
public of Djibouti. Lavas are mainly basic to intermediate with some r
hyolites. Large chemical and isotopic variations among the volcanic se
ries are interpreted in terms of mantle source heterogeneity. Crustal
contribution is only evidenced in the oldest rhyolites emplaced during
the initial stages of rifting. Excluding these old rhyolites, a clear
evolution through time of the mantle sources is observed in relation
to rifting. Three sources were involved in the genesis of these lavas:
(1) an old subcontinental lithospheric component (Sr-87/Sr-86 almost-
equal-to Sr-86 almost-equal-to 0.706, Pb-206/Pb-204 almost-equal-to 17
.9), mainly observed in the oldest lavas (25 to 10 Ma), (2) an HIMU (h
igh U/Pb ratio)-type reservoir, and (3) a depleted mantle. As rifting
goes on, there is an increasing contribution of an HIMU-type mantle so
urce. It is attributed to the influence of a mantle diapir (Afar plume
) thermally eroding the subcontinental lithosphere. The geochemical ch
aracteristics of 9 to 1 Ma old lavas, erupted after the strong increas
e of spreading rate in Afar, reflect this evolution of mantle sources.
The influence of the mantle plume is most prominent in the northern y
oungest lavas (<1 Ma), particularly Manda, characterized by the strong
est HIMU signature (Sr-87/Sr-86 almost-equal-to 0.7035, Pb-206/Pb-204
almost-equal-to 19.2). The contribution of the depleted mantle compone
nt originating from the asthenosphere is best recognized in the young
(<4 Ma) lavas, particularly Tadjoura and Asal lavas (3 to 1 Ma). The e
volution of Djibouti lava sources through time may be accounted for by
the recent models developed for plume structure.