No other disease has exhibited such a significant influence on the beh
aviour of health care workers (HCW) as the AIDS pandemic. Numerous epi
demiological data, however, have proven that the overall risk of trans
mission of the human deficiency virus (HIV) during surgical interventi
ons is low; it is 0.3 % for all types of percutaneous exposures. Never
theless, there still is a need for wider adoption of safer surgical te
chniques to reduce the chances of HIV transmission in the operation th
eatre, which additionally minimize the risk of transmission of other b
lood-borne pathogens. In the case of occupational exposure to HIV-cont
aminated blood or body secretions post-exposure prophylaxis should be
recommended stratified by the type of exposure and source material.