REDUCED RESPONSIVENESS TO ENDOTHELIN-1 IN PERIPHERAL RESISTANCE VESSELS OF PATIENTS WITH SYNDROME-X

Objectives. This study sought to assess the contribution and action of nitric oxide and endothelin-1 in peripheral resistance vessels of pat ients with syndrome X. Background. Patients with syndrome X may have a generalized disorder of vascular and endothelial function, promoting vasospasm. Methods. Changes in blood how responses to intrabrachial in fusion of the endothelium-dependent vasodilators substance P and acety lcholine, the endothelium-independent nitric oxide donor sodium nitrop russide and the endothelin type A (ETA) receptor antagonist BQ-123 wer e assessed using venous occlusion plethysmography in 10 patients with syndrome X and 10 matched control subjects. Vasoconstrictor responses to the nitric oxide synthase inhibitor L-N-G monomethyl arginine (L-NM MA) and endothelin-1 were also determined. Results. There mere no sign ificant differences in the responses to acetylcholine, substance P, so dium nitroprusside or BQ-123 between patients and control subjects. Ho wever, despite similar degrees of vasoconstriction in response to L-NM MA in both groups, endothelin-1 caused a reduction in forearm blood fl ow of only 20 +/- 2% in patients with syndrome X compared with 35 +/- 3% in matched control subjects at 90 min (p < 0.001). Although plasma endothelin-1 concentrations were not significantly higher in patients with syndrome X (4.8 vs. 4.0 pg/ml, p = 0.17), the vasoconstriction ca used by endothelin-1 infusion correlated inversely with plasma endothe lin-1 concentrations (r = -0.51, p = 0.04). Conclusions. Patients with syndrome X had normal basal and stimulated nitric oxide activity and basal endogenous ETA receptor-mediated vascular tone. However, despite otherwise normal vascular function, there was reduced responsiveness to exogenous endothelin-1, possibly reflecting overactivity of this sy stem and ETA receptor downregulation. (C) 1998 by the American College of Cardiology.