This paper highlights the versatility of image analysis as a tool for
characterizing products, solving problems, and investigating materials
and items that affect manufacturing processes. Examples presented inc
lude yarn and fabric analysis (dyeing and soiling of fabrics, sewn-sea
m puckering, pilling, fabric squareness), evaluation of filters for ae
rospace applications, assessment of tennis ball quality, and other ite
ms. The discussion emphasizes the importance of the image analysis har
dware and software; the proper choice and use of lighting, optics, and
statistical methods; and the skill and knowledge of the operator.