Analytical formulae are obtained for the smoothing factors yielded by
damped Jacobi relaxation and by red-black relaxation applied to symmet
ric nine-point stencil discretizations of elliptic partial differentia
l operators in 2D. The results include point and line relaxation and f
ull and partial coarsening. Several unusual results are implied by the
formulae. Numerical results of multigrid cycles match the analytical
predictions well. (C) 1998 Elsevier Science Inc. All rights reserved.