D. Schmeltzer et P. Sun, ANTIFERROMAGNETIC SPIN LADDERS - THE CASE OF ODD NUMBERS OF SPIN-S=1 2 CHAINS/, Journal of physics. Condensed matter, 10(20), 1998, pp. 4435-4446
The problem of three coupled spin-s = 1/2 antiferromagnetic chains has
been investigated. Using the bosonization method we find that, regard
less of the sign of the interchain coupling, the low-energy excitation
s are gapless. We show that the low-energy excitations are equivalent
to those of the single antiferromagnetic s = 1/2 Heisenberg chain.