Population registers have formed the basis for computerised call/recal
l registers for screening programmes in many countries and have been i
mportant in achieving high uptakes in targeted populations. The absenc
e of a population register for the ECCLES (European Campaign against C
ancer, Localisation, Evaluation & Screening) Breast Screening Project
necessitated the development of a special register of women in the tar
get age group. The data sources used to build the project register wer
e the Eastern Health Board and North Eastern Health Board General Medi
cal Services database, Voluntary Health Insurance data and self-regist
ration with the project. The register captured 86.3 per cent of the ta
rget population. A debate on the merits and difficulties associated wi
th the setting up of a population register in Ireland is now timely.