Heyes's claim that the only unequivocal evidence of motor imitation co
mes from rats and budgerigars is contested. it is suggested that the r
ats' behavior can be explained by emulation and the budgerigars' by re
sponse facilitation. Behavioral matching in chimpanzees (Custance et a
l. 1995; Whiten et al. 1996) is reconsidered and interpreted in terms
of imitation.