A. Seayad et al., KINETICS OF CARBOXYLATION OF STYRENE USING A HOMOGENEOUS PALLADIUM COMPLEX CATALYST, Industrial & engineering chemistry research, 37(6), 1998, pp. 2180-2187
Kinetics of carboxylation of styrene to methyl 2-phenylpropionate and
methyl 3-phenylpropionate has been investigated using a homogeneous Pd
(OAc)(2)/PPh3/p-toluenesulfonic acid catalyst system. The effect of co
ncentration of styrene, catalyst, water, and partial pressure of CO on
the activity, selectivity, and rate of reaction has been studied in a
temperature range of 338-358 K. The activity of the catalyst as well
as the selectivity of the products was sensitive to all the reaction p
arameters studied. The selectivity of 2-phenylpropionate was found to
decrease substantially with an increase in temperature and was enhance
d by an increase in the partial pressure of CO and beyond a styrene co
ncentration of 3.84 kmol/m(3). The rate of carboxylation varied linear
ly with the catalyst and was zero order with respect to styrene concen
tration in the range of 0.567-3.84 kmol/m(3). An unusual trend of an i
ncrease in activity was observed beyond a styrene concentration of 3.8
4 kmol/m(3). The rate also increased with an increase in the partial p
ressure of CO initially and was independent beyond 3.4 MPa. Water show
ed a promoting effect up to a concentration of 9.244 x 10(-2) kmol/m(3
). On the basis of the initial rate data obtained, a rate equation was
proposed and the kinetic parameters evaluated. The activation energy
was found to be 65.49 kJ/mol. Also, a plausible reaction mechanism for
the carboxylation of styrene has been proposed.