UPLIFT BEHAVIOR OF CYLINDRICAL ANCHORS IN SAND

A series of laboratory model tests and numerical analyses has been car ried out to study the behaviour of vertically embedded cylindrical anc hors in sand. Due to the cylindrical shape of the anchor, both the sha ft friction and the end resistance have substantial contribution to th e pullout capacity. But shaft friction and end resistance do not reach peak values at the same anchor displacement. As a result, analyzing t he anchorage behaviour of cylindrical anchors is complicated. The pull out behaviour of the anchor is significantly influenced by the embedde d depth. There exists a critical depth (about seven to eight times the anchor diameter D) which differentiates the behaviour of a deeply emb edded cylindrical anchor from that of an anchor with shallow embedment . The complete load-displacement relationships for shallow and deep an chors can be simulated by the numerical analysis proposed herein. A mi nimum horizontal spacing of 10D is needed between neighbouring cylindr ical anchors to be free of interference.