CORRELATED INPUT-PORT, MATTER-WAVE INTERFEROMETER - QUANTUM-NOISE LIMITS TO THE ATOM-LASER GYROSCOPE

I derive the quantum phase-noise limit to the sensitivity of a Mach-Ze hnder interferometer in which the incident quantum particles enter via both input peas. I show that if the incident particles are entangled and correlated properly, then the phase sensitivity scales asymptotica lly like the Heisenberg-limited Delta phi = O(1/N), for large N, where N is the number of particles incident per unit time. (In a one-input- port device, the sensitivity can be at best Delta phi=1/root N.) My ca lculation applies to bosons or fermions of arbitrary integer or half-i nteger spin. Applications to optical, atom-beam, and atom-laser gyrosc opes are discussed-in particular, an atom-laser can be used to obtain the required entanglements for achieving this Heisenberg-limited sensi tivity with atomic matter waves.