We present a case, identified by surveillance for adult T-cell leukemi
a/lymphoma (ATL), who had initial symptoms not specifically related to
ATL, and who would not have been identified as having ATL otherwise.
A 51-year-old Trinidadian black woman was hospitalized for abdominal p
ain, nausea, and vomiting. Hematology and clinical chemistry revealed
leukocytosis (19,600/mm(3)), an elevated lymphocyte percent (63%), and
hypercalcemia (19.4 mg/dl). The patient was serologically confirmed w
ith HTLV-I-associated ATL. Lymphoma was diagnosed at autopsy. This cas
e is representative of ATL, which along with HTLV-I infection, may be
emerging public health problems in urban communities of the northeast
and southeast United States.