PHYLOGENY OF FROGS OF THE PHYSALAEMUS-PUSTULOSUS SPECIES GROUP, WITH AN EXAMINATION OF DATA INCONGRUENCE

Characters derived from advertisement calls, morphology, allozymes, an d the sequences of the small subunit of the mitochondrial ribosomal ge ne (12S) and the cytochrome oxidase I (COI) mitochondrial gene were us ed to estimate the phylogeny of frogs of the Physalaemus pustulosus gr oup (Leptodactylidae). The combinability of these data partitions was assessed in several ways: measures of phylogenetic signal, character s upport for trees, congruence of tree topologies, compatibility of data partitions with suboptimal trees, and homogeneity of data partitions. Combined parsimony analysis of all data equally weighted yielded the same tree as the 12S partition analyzed under parsimony and maximum li kelihood. The COI, allozyme, and morphology partitions were generally congruent and compatible with the tree derived from combined data. The call data were significantly different from all other partitions, whe ther considered in terms of tree topology alone, partition nomogeneity , or compatibility of data with trees derived from other partitions. T he lack of effect of the call data on the topology of the combined tre e is probably due to the small number of call characters. The general incongruence of the call data with other data partitions is consistent with the idea that the advertisement calls of this group of frogs;ire under strong sexual selection.